Incidence of Tuberculosis in Primary Health Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study and Perspective from Eastern Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.01.11Abstract
Background: Efforts to fight tuberculosis (TB) infection requires a deep understanding of disease control trends to consistently sustain and enhance the identification and treatment of at-risk populations. Indonesia is the third highest globally in TB cases, followed by India and China, accounting for about 10% of all cases. Over the past ten years, Indonesia has witnessed significant TB case reporting and treatment coverage growth. This study aimed to analyze TB case occurrences in a primary health-care setting during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study, which included data from the Puskesmas Lau reports from July 2021 to July 2022. A total of 71 patients were conducted using the total sampling method. The collected data were processed descriptively to summarize participants' demographic characteristics and clinical profiles and various important indicators from WHO were analyzed to determine its effectiveness.
Results: The center's tuberculosis screening efforts have not reached their optimal level, falling below the national standard of ≥70% for the Case Detection Rate (CDR). However, the treatment success rate (SR) exceeds 90%.
Conclusion: The evaluation of the TB control program at Puskesmas Lau reveals achievements in some areas but also highlights challenges posed by the pandemic and the need for strengthened strategies to improve case detection and management. Perceived vulnerability, seriousness, benefit, and barrier, as well as the availability of DOTS treatment, affect treatment adherence. Partnership between patients and health care personnel is recommended to increase the success of TB treatment.
Keywords: Tuberculosis, primary health care, COVID-19, longitudinal study, health services
References
Anam M, Syaputri H, Dadiyanto DW, Sidhartani M (2018). Faktor Risiko Tuberkulosis Paru Terkonfirmasi Bakteriologis. Sari Pediatri. 19(6).
Azizi FH, Husin UA, Rusmartini T (2014). Gambaran Karakteristik Tuberkulosis Paru dan Ekstra Paru di BBKPM Bandung Tahun 2014. Prosiding Penelitian Sivitas Akademika Unisba (Kesehatan). 1(2).
Baedowi A, Rusmini H, Prasetia T (2020). Hubungan Jumlah Viral Load Dengan Kejadian TBC Pada Pasien HIV/AIDS Yang Mendapatkan Terapi ARV. ARTERI : J Ilmu Kesehatan. 1(3): 233-240. doi: 10.37148/arteri.v1i3.76.
Bélard S, Remppis J, Bootsma S, Janssen S, Kombila DU, Beyeme JO, Rossatanga EG, et al. (2016). Tuberculosis treatment outcome and drug resistance in lambaréné, Gabon: A prospective cohort study. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 95(2): 472–480. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.150668.
DinkesProv Sulawesi Selatan (2015) Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Makassar. Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan.
Dirjen P2P (2014) Pedoman Nasional Pengendalian Tuberkulosis. Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkungan.
Haddad MB, Mitruka K, Oeltmann JE, Johns EB, Navin TR (2015). Characteristics of tuberculosis cases that started outbreaks in the United States, 2002–2011. Emerg Infect Dis. 21(3): 508–510. doi: 10.3201/eid2103.141475.
Jo KW, Yoo JW, Hong Y, Lee JS, Lee SD, Kim WS, Kim DS, et al. (2014). Risk factors for 1-year relapse of pulmonary tuberculosis treated with a 6-month daily regimen. Respir Med. 108(4): 654–659. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2014.01.010.
Kemenkes RI (2015) Profil Kesehatan Indo-nesia tahun 2014. Kementerian Ke-sehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kemenkes RI (2018) Data dan Informasi Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2018. Ke-menterian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kiros T, Dejen E, Tiruneh M, Tiruneh T, Eyayu T, Damtie S, Amogne K (2020). The magnitude and associated factors of pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV/aids patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinic at Debre Tabor Specialized Hospital, northwest Ethiopia, 2019. HIV/AIDS- Res Palliat Care. 12. doi: 10.2147/HIV.S282616.
Mirsaeidi M, Sadikot RT (2018). Patients at high risk of tuberculosis recurrence. Int J Mycobacteriology. doi: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_164_17.
Muchtar NH, Herman D, Yulistini (2018). Gambaran Faktor Risiko Timbulnya Tuberkulosis Paru pada Pasien yang Berkunjung ke Unit DOTS RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2015. J Kesehatan Andalas. 7(1).
Pusdatin Kemenkes RI (2018) Infodatin Tuberculosis Indonesia. Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Qian X, Nguyen DT, Lyu J, Albers AE, Bi X, Graviss EA (2018). Risk factors for extrapulmonary dissemination of tuberculosis and associated mortality during treatment for extrapulmonary tuberculosis article. Emerg. Microbes Infect. 7(1). doi: 10.1038/s41426-018-0106-1.
Qiyaam N, Furqani N, Hartanti JD (2020). Evaluasi Penggunaan Obat Antituber-kulosis (OAT) Pada Pasien Tuberkulo-sis Paru di Puskesmas Kediri Lombok Barat Tahun 2018. J Ilmu Kefarmasian. 1(1).
Ruru Y, Matasik M, Oktavian A, Senyorita R, Mirino Y, Tarigan LH, Werf VMJ, et al. (2018). Factors associated with non-adherence during tuberculosis treatment among patients treated with DOTS strategy in Jayapura, Papua Province, Indonesia. Glob Health Action.11(1). doi: 10.1080/16549716.2018.1510592.
Sasmita HY, Prasetyowati I, Wahjudi P (2019). Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in Tuberculosis Patient at Patrang District Indonesia. IJTID.
Sukmawati E (2017) Efektifitas Penyuluhan Kesehatan terhadap Pengetahuan Perawatan Pasien Tuberkulosis (TB). J Ners LENTERA. 5(1): 9–20
Khamidah, Susmaneli H (2016). Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Putus Berobat Pada Penderita TB Paru BTA Positif di Wilayah Kerja Puskes-mas Harapan Raya, J Kesehat Komu-nitas. 3(2).
Tola A, Mishore KM, Ayele Y, Mekuria AN, Legese N (2019). Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis and Associated Factors among TB-HIV Co-Infected Patients at Public Hospitals of Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia. A five-year retrospective study. BMC Public Health. 19(1). doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7980-x.
WHO (2014) The End TB Strategy: Global Strategy and Targets for Tuberculosis Prevention, Care and Control After 2015. World Health Organization.
WHO (2019) Global Tuberculosis Report 2019. World Health Organization.
Zhang CY, Zhao F, Xia YY, Yu YL, Shen X, Lu W, Wang XM, et al. (2019). Prevalence and risk factors of active pulmonary tuberculosis among elderly people in China: A population-based cross-sectional study. Infect Dis Pov-erty. 8(1). doi: 10.1186/s40249-019-0-515-y.
Zhang L, Xing W, Zhou J, Zhang R, Cheng Y, Li J, Wang G, et al. (2020). Characteristics of tuberculosis patients in the integrated tuberculosis control model in Chongqing, China: a retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis. 20(1). doi: 10.1-186/s12879-020-05304-z.
